What accounts for the significant differences in performance across Eastern Europe? Why did some new states consolidate and gain legitimacy – such as the Baltics – while others are bordering on state failure – as in Moldova and Macedonia? Why did the incentive of European integration work better for Lithuania than for Bulgaria? Are there any best practices for overcoming state weakness that can be reproduced across Eastern Europe? Which institutions do, in fact, work? The articles in this issue will address all these questions.